The Yellow Wallpaper

Another woman's breakdown under patriarchal medicine, seventy years later -- the rest cure replaced by electroshock, the wallpaper replaced by the bell jar, the silencing unchanged

Bertha Mason is the madwoman in the attic seen from outside; Gilman's narrator is the madwoman seen from inside -- the shift in perspective is the entire argument

Published seven years later, another woman destroys herself escaping domestic confinement -- Chopin's Edna walks into the sea where Gilman's narrator walks into the wallpaper

Woolf's essay argues that women need space and money to create; Gilman's story shows what happens when they have a room but no autonomy within it

Gilman's narrator writes in secret because she has been forbidden to; Offred narrates in secret because she has been forbidden to -- the walls change, the prohibition does not

Another woman confined to a house that is simultaneously prison and sanctuary, where domesticity and madness become indistinguishable