
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Philip K. Dick (1968)
“A bounty hunter who kills androids for a living begins to wonder if he is one — and whether the question even matters.”
Short Summary
In a post-nuclear San Francisco, bounty hunter Rick Deckard is assigned to 'retire' six escaped Nexus-6 androids. To do so he must administer the Voigt-Kampff empathy test — which measures emotional responses and is the only thing distinguishing human from android. As he retires each android, his certainty about what constitutes life, empathy, and humanity erodes. Alongside his story runs John Isidore's, a 'chickenhead' — a radiation-diminished human — whose apartment is infiltrated by the escaped androids. Both men care for creatures that may not care back. The novel ends without resolution: Deckard returns to an empty apartment, finds a toad he believes is real, and discovers it is electric. It doesn't change how he holds it.
Detailed Summary
The year is 1992 (originally; updated editions say 2021). Most of humanity has emigrated to Mars after World War Terminus, a nuclear conflict that dusted the atmosphere and killed most animal life. Those left on Earth are either healthy enough to emigrate or 'specials' — people whose IQ or mental ca...